Journal Article from a Database
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Abbreviated Journal Title volume#, issue# (Month Year), firstpage-lastpage. Permalink |
| Example | [1] Jenni Adams. 2010. Into eternity's certain breadth: Ambivalent escapes in Markus Zusak's The Book Thief. Chldrn. Lit. in Edu. 41, 3 (Sept. 2010), 123-146. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=52471149&site=ehost-live&scope=site |
Articles from a Print Journal
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Abbreviated Journal Title volume#, issue# (Month Year), firstpage-lastpage. |
| Example | [1] Siripong Malasri, Ali Pourhashemi, Phyo Aung, and Robert Moats. 2012. Water absorption of wooden pallets. Intnl. Jrnl. of Appl. Sci. and Tech. 2, 9 (November 2012), 1-10. |
Articles from an Internet Journal
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of article: Subtitle of article. Abbreviated Journal Title volume#, issue# (Month Year), firstpage-lastpage. DOI or URL |
| Example | [1] Abraham Sagi-Schwartz, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Shai Lin, and Marinus H. van Ijzendoom. 2013. Against all odds: genocidal trauma is associated with longer life-expectancy of the survivors. PLoS One 8, 7 (July 2013), e69179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069179 |
One Author
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Author Last Name. Year. Title of Book. Publisher, Place of Publication. |
| Example | [1] Markus Zusak. 2006. The Book Thief. Knopf, New York, NY. |
Two Authors
| General Format | [Note#] First Author First Name Last Name and Second Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of Book. Publisher, Place of Publication. |
| Example | [1] Dan Mazur and Alexander Danner. 2009. Comics: A Global History, 1968 to the Present. Thames & Hudson, London. |
More than Two Authors
| General Format | [Note#] First Author First Name Last Name, Second Author First Name Last Name, and Third Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of Book. Publisher, Place of Publication. |
| Example | [1] Inge Bell, Bernard McGrane, John Gunderson, and Teri L. Anderson. 2011. This Book Is Not Required: An Emotional and Intellectual Survival Manual for Students (4th ed.). Sage, Los Angeles, CA. |
Edited Book - Complete Work
| General Format | [Note#] Editor First Name Last Name (Ed.). Year. Title of book. Publisher. Place of publication. |
| Example | [1] Lucy S. Dawidowicz (Ed.). 1976. A Holocaust reader. Behrman House, New York, NY. |
Dissertations
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of Dissertation. PhD Dissertation. Name of Institution, City of Institution, State of Institution. |
| Example | [1] William Boerman-Cornell. 1997. Learning to See History: A Content Analysis of the Affordances of Graphic Novels for High School Teaching. PhD Dissertation. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL. |
eBooks
Use this format for eBooks found on the web or in databases like EBSCO eBooks.
See the instructions for Books for how to cite edited works and works by two or more authors.
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Author Last Name. Year. Title of Book. Publisher, Place of Publication. URL |
| Example |
[1] Molly Merryman. 2020. Clipped Wings: The Rise and Fall of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) of World War II. New York University Press, New York. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=2465407&site=ehost-live&scope=site |
Online Video
| General Format | [Note#] Creator First Name Last Name. Year. Title of video. Video. (Day Month Year). Retrieved Day Month Year from URL |
| Example |
[1] Magelsky, Kelly. 2012. Tennessee: Memphis Mojo. Video. (2012). Retrieved November 5, 2024 from https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=104145&xtid=145713 |
These examples pertain to pages purely designed for publication on the Web. Online journal articles and eBooks are treated differently. See the guides devoted to them for more details.
Webpage with an Author
| General Format | [Note#] Author First Name Last Name. Year. Title of Web Page. (Month Year). Retrieved Month Day, Year from URL |
| Example | [1] Kevin Smith. 2015. Copyright Follies. (April 2015). Retrieved August 8, 2017 from http://blogs.library.duke.edu/scholcomm/2015/04/30/copyright-follies/ |
Webpage with No Author
| General Format | [Note#] Owner of Website. Year. Title of Web Page. (Month Year). Retrieved Month Day, Year from URL |
| Example | [1] Christian Brothers University. 2021. Plough Library. (September 2021). Retrieved September 21, 2021 from https://www.cbu.edu/library |
Basic Reference
| General Format | Give the number of the reference, enclosed in brackets [#]. |
| Example | Studies have found that "marriages in which the parents share responsibilities tend to be the happiest" [1]. |
Author's Name in Text
| General Format | Give the [year of publication] immediately after the author's name. |
| Example | Levine [1976] writes that the happiest marriages are those where parents share responsibilities [1]. |
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